Pollution and Save Earth Essay Example

Contamination and Save Earth Essay Our planet is in incredible peril. The individuals of earth have squandered and abused the normal recourses of earth. A few plans have been created to stop the maltreatment of earth. Ecological issues have become so intricate that numerous people feel they can have no impact on them. Issues like oil slicks, dangerous waste, loss of downpour woodlands, imperiled species, corrosive downpour, the ozone layer, the metropolitan waste emergency can feel out of our control. At any rate, these issues require gathering and corporate activity or government mediation. Nonetheless, there are a few things the individual can control. Our waste decrease and reusing exercises can have any kind of effect. Pollutionâ is the presentation of substances or vitality into the earth, bringing about pernicious impacts of such a nature as to jeopardize human wellbeing, hurt living assets and biological systems, and disable or meddle with comforts and other genuine employments of the earth. [1] The significant types of contamination include: If only 25% of U. S. families utilized 10 fewerâ plastic bagsâ a month, we would spare more than 2. 5 BILLION sacks per year. By and large, the 140 million vehicles in America are assessed to travel right around 4 billion miles in a day, and as indicated by the Department of Transportation, they use more than 200 million gallons of fuel doing it. Consistently we discard 24 million tons of leaves and grass. Takes off alone record for 75% of our strong waste in the fall. Americans utilize 50 million tons ofâ paperâ annually devouring in excess of 850 million trees  A ongoing investigation from Toronto Public Health appraises more than 440 passings per year in the Canadian city can be legitimately credited to traffic emanations. As per the US-EPA, outflows from power plants add to more than 2,800 lung malignant growth passings and 38,200 respiratory failures every year in the US. As indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2 million unexpected losses are caused every year because of air contamination in urban communities over the world Car contamination influences the earth from numerous points of view. From clamor contamination to air contamination to water contamination, vehicle contamination impacts the earth on a huge level. We will compose a custom article test on Pollution and Save Earth explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Pollution and Save Earth explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Pollution and Save Earth explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

The Sights and Sounds of High School free essay sample

The harsh voices of instructors are heard across quads as they issue JUG to nitwit understudies for the most juvenile offenses. D) The trees as they influence thoughtfully in the breeze. E) And the crows deriding understudies that cruise by. Strolling a few doors down today, I heard many intriguing sounds. The breeze is blowing through the trees making them influence to and fro insightfully as though grouping understudies back through the passage of learning.The disturbing snicker of columns is gotten notification from the trees as though deriding understudies that cruise by. The sound of overwhelming strides are heard around the bend as moderate, depleted understudies enter the quad fairly prepared for the energizing day of discovering that is in front of them. Storage spaces squeak open and hammer shut as understudies recover their things for class. Youthful first year recruits are heard shouting their high, ear-parting shrieks which reverberation all through the halls.The harsh voices of instructors are heard over the quad as they issue JUG to bonehead understudies who have precluded the most juvenile offenses against school rules, and those equivalent understudies arguing voices as they attempt to wriggle and screech out of after school confinement. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Sights and Sounds of High School or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The sound of understudies partaking in warmed discussions about the latest presidential political decision are spread around grounds among numerous understudies. As though they were political intellectuals who could really conjecture the eventual fate of our nation. These are just not many of the fascinating hints of an average day at Jesuit High School.

How We Woke Up

How We Woke Up Every moth is drawn to light, even when that light is a flameâ€"hot, burning, flickeringâ€"the fire tantalizing the drab creature with its bluish-white illumination. But when the moth flies too close to the flame, we all know what happens: it gets burned, incinerated by the very thing that drew it near. For decades now, we consumers have been moths, lured by the blue flame of consumerism, pop culture’s beautiful conflagration, a firestorm of lust and greed and wanting, a solipsistic desire to consume that which cannot be consumed, to be fulfilled by that which can never be fulfilling, a vacant proposition, leaving us empty inside, further fueling the blaze of lust and greed and wanting. From our intimate vantage points, within reach of the flame’s scorching edges, the fire seems impossible to extinguish. Unlike the moth, though, we have a choice. It is not an easy choice: the flame is ever more intriguing. Advertisers make sure of this: it is their job to find new ways to make the blaze eternally more appealing. Some of us recognize a need for change. Others know change is necessary, but refuse to stop circling the mesmerizing flameâ€"they can’t remove their eyes from the spill of electric light illuminating their homes. Still others don’t realize it’s a flame at allâ€"how could something so beautiful be so dangerous? So they circle the inferno, unconscious of its dangers. We must, however, accept the flame for what it is: necessary, beautiful, andâ€"most of allâ€"dangerous. When we do thisâ€"when we step back to understand the nature of the fireâ€"we have a chance to survive. This takes deliberate thought, repeated questioning of the way we live, a thorough understanding of why we feel comforted by the flame. It is difficult to do, but this is how we wake up. Essay inspired by the song How We Woke Up by The Moth the Flame.

Why the Religious Law About Pure Sex is Beneficial for...

Most religions of the world address moral issues that arise from peoples sexuality within the human interactions. â€Å"Sex and religion- two of the most powerful, passionate, and poetic aspects of human existence†( â€Å"Manning and Zuckerman pg. 1â€Å"). There are many distinct religious beliefs about the complexion of sexuality and the appropriateness of various sexual behaviors. â€Å"Some religious (or aspects within them) can be described as comparatively â€Å"sex positive†. By â€Å"sex positiveâ€Å", we mean that sensual, erotic activity involving the consensual pursuit and / or actualization of gratifying bodily pleasure is understood as natural and acceptable , even holy. Conversely, some religions (or aspects within them) can be described as â€Å"sex†¦show more content†¦I feel so sorry for the Jewish Orthodox women. With all my respect to the Jewish religion, this is not acceptable to me. However, I do ,extremely, support one important re striction under the Jewish purity law that prohibits the sexual intercourse during the menstruation. I purposely mentioned that the Religious Law of â€Å"Pure† Sex is beneficial for the Jewish Orthodox Women at the title of my paper. Therefore, this paper will seek to explain that Jewish purity law has a positive physiological and psychological effects on Jewish Orthodox women . Having sex during menstruation disgusting and unhealthy. By abstaining, Jewish Orthodox women protect themselves from having various medical conditions associated with the impure sex such as urine infections and several vaginal infections that may cause traumatic injury in the cervix and even the cervical cancer. During menstruation, women’s reproductive organs are more sensitive, vulnerable, and more susceptible to infections. There are a large number of â€Å"family purity â€Å"manuals with the references to the scientific studies that indicate great health benefits associated with the a bstinence from the sex during menstruation. â€Å"Physicians and scientists observed that Jewish Orthodox women suffered from cervical cancer less frequently than their non-Jewish counterparts. Attributing these statistics to Jewish ritual observance, medical experts found rational grounds for

Fashion Design - 989 Words

Jarrett Evans Mrs. Johnson English III – P.7 14 May 2013 Dripping Swag My research paper is over the career of Fashion Design. I chose this topic, because I have always had a desire to one day have my own clothing line and see other people support me by wearing my creations. Also because I like to mix different articles of clothing and create my own unique style to go out and express to the world. This paper will highlight the details about a fashion designer, like what type of education you need, skills required, the work environment, and their salaries. Fashion Design is a career where people express and use their creative ideas to create the best clothing on the market. For many of years the practice of changing the style†¦show more content†¦Designers put so much work into their clothing. But most people don’t even recognize how much detail or even what kind of material the designer uses to create the article. Often time’s people just buy a certain piece of clothing because it’s what everybody else is wear ing and it’s the new fad, they really don’t respect the time and effort the designer has put into the design, even more so they buy them just for the label associated with the article of the clothing. All these things you have to understand and try to master to become successful. Fashion Designing is a very cutthroat and limited job, so there isn’t much room for new designers to get hired. One article states that, â€Å"The fashion design world is highly competitive, so its somewhat difficult, though certainly not impossible, to break into the field. In general, there are more aspiring fashion designers than there are available jobs in the field†. (Vogt, Peter. Fashion Designer.). Employment rates are not very high, so you have to be on top of your game. According to (Vogt. Peter â€Å"fashion Design†) about 17,000 people worked as Fashion Designers in the United States in 2004, and now today approximately 22,700 fashion designers are employed in the United States. (â€Å"Fashion Designers†). So there is not much change in the employment rate over the years. A person who is willing to work day in and day night and work countlessShow MoreRelatedCounterfeiting And Piracy Of Fashion Design977 Words   |  4 PagesCounterfeiting and piracy of fashion design are illegal, unethical, takes legitimate profits away from the company, and is not safe. Counterfeiting and Piracy are nearly considered a $450 billion dollar industry (do the right thing, n.d.). It includes selling, producing, and using â€Å"fake† or â€Å"knockoff† fashion designs and passing them as authentic without rightful permission. When buyers knowingly buy counterfeited goods. They only consider the cheaper price and luxurious look of the mocked productRead MoreEssay on Having a Career in Fashion Design1260 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a Career in Fashion Design The fashion design career, has recently emerged as one of the most popular and competitive among young people. Those who actually succeed in design have a very individualistic personal style and don’t follow trends set by others. Having fashion design as your profession sometimes allows you to meet glamorous people. It can also put you in charge of what is in and out when it comes to clothing through ramp shows and fashion write-ups. Most designers have aRead MoreFashion Design Piracy Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages One of the biggest driving forces in the fashion industry nowadays is the continuous introduction of new trends and the opportunity for designers to display their creativity. So, when that individuality is stolen or copied from a designer, it can produce uneasy consequences. Known as â€Å"design piracy†, this widespread reproduction of designs has actually been around for decades. Not much has been done at a federal level to prevent the moral and economic repercussions that stem from it. However, despiteRead MoreFashion Design Is The Top Of Your Head, Right?1384 Words   |  6 PagesWithout fashion designers, we would all be naked. Do you know what it takes to become a fashion designer? You can probably name a good 10 designers of the top of your head, right? Now, think about how many people are in college at FIDM or the NY School of Fashion, or the many other schools that fashion designers strive to go to, thousands of people. The fashion industry is one of the most competi tive businesses out there. It is said that, â€Å"while fashion designers must be creative, they also needRead MoreCareers of Design: Interior and Fashion Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesfit their jobs into certain categories, such as medical, legal, or labor, and yet there are still many professions that fit into a different type of category: Fine Arts. Fine Arts is an unique category in which two special occupations fall into: a fashion designer and an interior designer. Fine Arts is a unique category that some adults’ jobs fit into. Fine Arts employs a majority of people who are artistic and are creative. However, not all the employed enjoy the Arts; some of the careers are simplisticRead MoreFashion Marketing And Its Impact On Consumer s Design Preferences Essay2152 Words   |  9 Pagesto the market. (Oxford English Dictionary) Fashion Marketing differs from the marketing of other goods because of the uniqueness of the merchandise. â€Å"According to the Parson’s School of Design, fashion marketing is the process of analyzing, developing, and marketing current fashion trends into sales strategies.† (IJMBT) In fashion marketing, consumers are the creators by virtue of their adoption and rejection of new trends and styles. Furthermore, fashion is integral to the construction and communicationRead MoreFashion Thinking : Creative Approaches For The Design Process2170 Words   |  9 PagesThe following text is the design stateme nt for my 2017 Autumn/Winter collection for my third year in the Bachelor Degree in Fashion Design. I will be describing my design process as per Fiona Diffenbacher’s theory and give a summary of how I arrived at my chosen theme and designs. I will also describe the inspirations that lead to my chosen concept and why I was drawn to the theme. The target demographic and psychographics for my range will also be discussed along with a comparison of my brand andRead MoreFashion - a Design Centred Approach V Market Centred Approach1808 Words   |  8 PagesFashion Buying Assignment 1 Student No. 00244644 Design Centred Approach V Market Centred Approach To begin with the difference between a market centred approach and design centred approach must briefly be discussed. A design-centred approach is where the design is produced away from the user and then presented to them. This is the traditional view of fashion design and one in which the designer is given free reign and no contraints on cost or creativity. The choice of fabric for a lineRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalizationRead MoreHow Textiles And Fashion Designers Have Contributed And Approached Fundamental Issues Within Ecological Design1414 Words   |  6 Pageson how textiles and fashion designers have contributed and approached fundamental issues within ecological design. INTRODUCTION Ecological design is the sole responsibility of innovation and the creativity of products and objects that will sustain our society and future societies. It is critical that we change the way sustainable design is perceived and interpreted, by beginning to develop an understanding of the history and journey from ‘Green design’ into ‘Sustainable design’ as well as looking

Fashions Free Essays

A particular make, a shape ,a style ,or a pattern followed by most of the people may be called a fashion . Let includes clothing ,hairstyles furniture literature, Jewelry and many other things. â€Å"Style is the man,† claims Saints-Beebe, one of Matthew Arnold’s heroes. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The above cited quote is one of Matthew Arnold’s intellectual stances. Some people believe that life is not worth-living without fashion. Everybody wants to appear fashionable and stylish, and he spends lots of money on his hairstyle, beauty products, dress designing and shoes. Fashions go on changing. One fashion that is in today may be outdated tomorrow. Fashions have been in the world since the beginning of human civilization. Fashion industry is not a new thing in today’s world. Thousands and millions of people depend upon changing passions for their livelihood. â€Å"We are shaped and fashioned by what we love. † Moan Wolfgang) Fashions usually take their origin in the west. In Pakistan also, there are parties and social gatherings in which people try to outdo one another by their fashions and styles. From the west these fashions reach the third-world countries. By the time people of the poor countries adopt these fashions, the westerns discard them and eve on to the others, and thus the fashion industry goes on flourishing. Media has also contributed a lot towards fashions and fads. There are fashion shows, beauty contests and dress designing competitions in the form of catwalk shows, TV dramas especially soap serials on different channels like Star Plus. Movies and music shows have also triggered the fashion craze among the different classes of people. Fashions and styles make us look attractive and different from other people but, according to Aloud Huxley, it is our inner-self or soul that makes us beautiful or ugly. If we are red, depressed or morally decayed, our outward appearance will do nothing but reflect our soul. It is actually the purity and beauty of our soul that makes our skin glow and our eyes shine. Fashions are then only a disguise or a cover that hides our reality and make us look attractive outwardly. Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months. † (Oscar Wiled) The craze of fashions is mostly found among women and youngsters. A visit to college of today would indeed be an interesting experiment for those who wish to know something about the influence of fashion on men . Boys as well as girls spend much of their time on toilet . Female students go two steps further . Fashion they regard as their special right . Girls have a natural and inborn love of pretty dresses and in college they get a real opportunity . Girls spend a great deal of their money on powder, cream and lipstick. Scents and perfumes are used by these Toilets to excite and stir their Romeos. Evidently such boys and girls do not take their studies seriously the They may forget the formulae of mathematics but they don’t forget the names of the films. It is quite natural with women to beautify themselves. They hooked, however, give more importance to the purity of their soul than to their outward appearance. Beauty products, parlors, costly costumes and dandy shoes will not add to our attractiveness as much as do our peace of mind, contentment of our soul and spiritual happiness. We should not, therefore, imitate the westerns or other people because the western culture and civilization are hollow and the people there are spiritually dead. I recall here the saying by a famous writer who says we may have a fashion of our own if we retain our naturalness, innocence, and purity of heart and soul. â€Å"Fashions fade, style is eternal. † (Saint Laurent) How to cite Fashions, Essays

Biology Essay - Arctic Wolf Behaviour free essay sample

Contrary to popular belief regarding its harsh habitat and the much-publicized climate change, the endangerment status of the arctic wolf is listed as â€Å"Least Concern† by the IUCN and WWF, and, in fact, it is exactly due to their unforgiving environment that the arctic wolf is one of the only subspecies of wolf that is unthreatened, as it leaves them relatively safe from human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction (with the possible exception of â€Å"global warming† and â€Å"climate change†). Due to the species’ abundance, as well as their unique and rare natural habitat, there has been much discussion as to the morality of keeping arctic wolves in captivity as the conditions and temperature are generally vastly different and ill-suited compared to their natural habitats. Illustration 1 – Arctic Wolf populated area Contrary to regular zoo custom of portraying the captive animals as active, carefree, and happy, the wolf pack we studied in Schonbrunn proved to be a rather sad and discouraging sight. Generally speaking, the wolves were not very active at all and spent much of the time lying on high ground, though there is a very good chance that our misfortune regarding the wolves’ (lack of) activity lies in the fact that they are an arctic species, and as such, would favour arctic conditions, and would be that much more affected by the warm, summery weather that we had on the day we went to the Zoo, especially seeing as there was no sign of any kind of facility or modification to their enclosure that would provide a kind of faux-arctic environment and â€Å"weather†/temperature, for example, in the scorching Viennese summer when it is not uncommon for the temperature to reach up to 35 ? Celsius (as opposed to temperatures of well under -30 ? C which are common in the Canadian tundra). Nonetheless, what little activity we did witness on our trip was just as discouraging as their lack of activity. Although we were unable to attend the feeding of the wolves, there wer e still a few pieces of untouched meat lying on the ground. In light of the wolves’ inactivity and obvious weakness for heat, we took this as a sign that the wolves’ usually sizable appetite was affected and overridden by their weakness to the heat; that they were too hot to eat. Their inability to handle high temperatures was quite apparent from the very start, as they were quite often sticking their tongues out and breathing heavily while walking/lying on the ground; something dogs often do when they get hot in the summer in order to cool themselves. Regarding their enclosure, we found out from a zookeeper that the terrain in it was not quite ideal. The wolves had plenty of logs and pieces of wood scattered about them so that it would resemble a forest and to make it more interesting for them to range the enclosure, but the terrain itself was actually too steep, as the enclosure was built into the side of the â€Å"hill† in the Schonbrunn Zoo. This means that the wolves are actually unable to make use of the logs to jump over when they are active in order to emulate their behaviour in nature, and amuse themselves, and, in effect, it reduced their area, as some parts were too steep to walk over, and made the bottom half very unappealing to them (especially as most of it was walled off by the small observer’s hut, in effect disabling them from looking outside their enclosure from half of the bottom part). When the wolves did come down to the fence, they did not appear to be fazed or unnerved by the observers, and, indeed, they did not show any signs of being affected by a relatively large audience. As for their societal structure, we were able to discern it fairly quickly due to the pack’s behaviour. They had a clear leader (alpha male) around which the pack was centered and whom they followed and obeyed. The alpha was slightly bigger than the other wolves, and was markedly more active and lively, as he was often standing on and pacing around the platform in the middle of the enclosure. Unfortunately though, we were also able to differentiate a wolf that seemed to be the omega (outcast/low-rank wolf) of the pack, as evidenced by his always being slightly more separated and distanced from the rest of the pack, often pacing around the lower fencing, as if he was trying to find a way out, though this was not particularly unusual as other members of the pack often emulated such distress behaviour, where they were constantly pacing back and orth aimlessly at a brisk pace, as if they were nervous and/or frightened. Overall, this behaviour is generally different to their natural behaviour in the wild. The most obvious and perhaps important difference is that, as illustrated in the previ ous map, the arctic wolf requires territories of up to 1000mi2, due to the scarcity of prey so far north, and is known to travel up to several hundred kilometres in a day in search of food. Obviously, this is a tremendous difference to the behavior we were able to observe on our trip, where the wolves spent most of the time lying on the ground or pacing around the enclosure in order to cool themselves. Their diet in the wild consists primarily of Peary Caribou and Muskox, which differs from the horse, beef, or mutton that they are usually fed in the zoo. Since arctic wolves have very rarely been hunted or came into contact with humans in the wild, they, unlike most wolves, do not fret to come closer to humans and do not appear to overly cautious or aggressive. While this is in accordance to the behaviour we observed in the zoo, it is likely that other animals in prolonged captivity would also adapt to constant human presence, and as such, we cannot attribute this to being their natural behaviour, as they are likely to have further gotten used to constant visitors and onlookers over time. Naturally, arctic wolves also have a high tendency to howl as a pack, which is mainly a way of celebration after a successful hunt/feeding, a means to unite the pack, protect their territory, and a way for the alpha to rally the pack together. Unfortunately, we were not able to witness such behaviour in the zoo, as they were most likely put off by the environment, were too demoralized and/or exhausted by the heat, or simply had no need for it at the time. Seeing as the wolves are having a very hard time adapting to the environment of the zoo, based off of our observations, there would have to be made several modifications and adaptations to their enclosure. First and foremost is the aforementioned problem of the weather and temperature in their enclosure. The wolves were clearly affected by it, as even the alpha male had his tongue out in order to cool himself for 10 straight minutes, followed later by regularly taking it back in, and sticking it out again after about 4-5 minutes in short bursts. As the wolves as a packed moved for about 100m in total during our visit, and were mostly sitting idly on the ground, the entirety of the pack had significant issues dealing with the high temperature, therefore requiring modifications to be made to their enclosure. The entirety of the enclosure would have to be moved slightly underground, similarly to the penguin’s section, in order to allow a cooling system to be implemented from the ceiling or walls of the enclosure, so that the wolves have fresh, cold air and temperature, more akin to their natural habitat. There would also have to be another adjacent section in the open, so that the wolves are not confined within one single room, as this would be as much a detriment to their health and spirits as the high temperatures. Hence, it would be optimal if the air from within the cool, enclosed part of their section could be circulated out into the open section as well. Furthermore, going back to the fact that the wolves have moved by what we estimated to be 100m during our observations, there need to be modifications made that would stimulate the wolves to run more, in order to keep them from being bored, and help them become more active. One way this could be achieved is through a simulation vaguely resembling a hunt: an instance of operant conditioning. A treadmill, which would have to be adapted to suit wolves, would need to be installed in the enclosure, and when a wolf reaches a certain distance, they would be rewarded with a piece of meat, or another such incentive. Although this would of course not be natural to them, it would provide a way of keeping the wolves active and happier, thus healthier as well, as it would try to emulate their behaviour in the wild, in which they are known to run hundreds of kilometres a day in search of food. As with scores of other species, there is an ongoing debate as to the morality and ethicality of keeping arctic wolves in captivity, especially considering their unique and un-replicable natural habitat, and the fact that there is no need for it due to their unthreatened status. Arctic wolves are a welcome addition to every zoo due to their rarity in most countries, and perceived threatened status. The general animal rights opinion on this matter is that it is morally correct to keep animals in captivity if it is in order to preserve the species, however, as this is not the case with the arctic wolf, most animal rights conventions lean towards the judgment that is in fact unethical to keep them in zoos. The argument for this hinges mainly on two main points: the animal rights, and animal welfare points. * The first point, which considers the rights and freedom of animals while taking into account their treatment and status, supports the notion that this is immoral. The animal rights question depends on three factors: â€Å"the treatment nd use of animals to achieve some human end†, â€Å"treatment of animals with the proper respect† and â€Å"violation of the animal’s right to live in freedom†. Although, from what we could discern on our trip, the animals were treated with the outmost respect by the visitors and the staff, the animals’ behaviour led us to believe that they were quite unhappy in the zoo, thus violating their right to freedom in their natural habitat, as they were not content within their confines. Furthermore, the very fact that the wolves are present in the zoo despite their limited freedom and obvious unhappiness is a testament to the fact that wolves are indeed being kept for human gain, as the wolves themselves do not appear to want to be in the zoo itself, and their lives are far more limited and dull. The second point, which considers the welfare of the animals in captivity, depends on factors such as the likeness and size of the enclosure in comparison to their natural habitat, the social structure of the species in the zoo, the proximity to humans and other species which may be unusual for the species in question, the animal’s activity in the zoo, and quality of life reg ardless of the potential life span in captivity. As was aforementioned, the physical surroundings of their enclosure were vaguely resembling that of the typical habitat of arctic wolves, though naturally disregarding the snow and cold, and were relatively small for a whole pack of wolves. Even though the actual social hierarchy of the wolf pack seemed akin to that of arctic wolves in the wild, there is definitely an issue regarding the proximity to and contact with humans, as arctic wolves rarely ever come into contact with human beings, and thus are unused to them. Although arctic wolves in captivity can live up to 20 years, compared to only 7 in the wild, from our observations, it is apparent that the quality of the wolves’ lives was very poor, when one takes into consideration their limited freedom, lack of activities, and vastly different and unfavorable conditions for a large part of the year, namely, the hot Viennese springs and summers. Henceforth, a clear conclusion can be made that it is in fact unethical to keep arctic wolves in captivity, as, asides from a longer lifespan, all of the discussed factors have a negative impact on the wolves’ life, as the conditions differ greatly from their natural habitat, and forces the animals to re-adapt to their new environment completely, all for human gain. Again, due to their species status, which is perceived by many to be threatened, arctic wolves can potentially be a very popular attraction in a zoo, thus having a comparatively significant economic impact. Although it is unlikely that the arctic wolves by themselves would bring many visitors to the zoo, they can certainly be one of the few highlights of the zoo, helping to bring in more visitors. The visitors will naturally have to pay for tickets to enter the zoo, and are more than likely to have further expenses in the zoo, such as buying souvenirs, refreshments, or going for a meal to one of the restaurants at a zoo, thus generating income for the zoo and the various affiliated restaurants, vendors, and shops over a period of time. In return, this money is invested in the maintenance of and improvements to the zoo, helping maintain the quality of the enclosures and improve them. Furthermore, since the wolves and other species in general yield litters of more pups due to the technological help from the veterinarian specialists, the zoo can sell the pups to other zoos and institutions, which, though not ethical, can serve to improve its budget, and will not be as harmful to the wolf, since it will not have known any other habitat or way of life, and will adapt to it more easily. In addition to this, the zoo will get taxed by the government of the country, thus also helping, however slightly, the nation’s economy and budget. Overall, in my observation of the arctic wolves, I have found that their behaviour in captivity differs significantly from that which can be expected from them in the wild. The major issues are the greatly unfavourable temperature and continental climate of Vienna, which brings scorching summers of up to 30-35 degrees celcius, which are nigh unbearable for the arctic wolves, who are accustomed to degrees of as low as -35 degrees, as well as the fact that the wolves’ movement and freedom has been incredibly limited in comparison to their territories of up to 1000 square miles, essentially leaving them unable to exercise and keeping them from doing any meaningful activities. Unfortunately, any possible modifications that could be made to better accommodate the wolves are highly unlikely to be realized, as they would require a complete overhaul and replacement of the wolves’ enclosure, which would cost a lot of money to construct, and is not worth it for the zoo. Regarding the wolves’ economic impact, they are a most welcome addition to any zoo due to their rarity and isolated habitat, as well as the fact that they are a safe bet to at tract visitors, as wolves are a very popular species with children of all ages, thus ensuring a steady indirect revenue from their presence in the zoo. Ultimately, however, the very presence of wolves in captivity is immoral and unethical, as there is no threat to them or other cause that merits their being kept in captivity and under conditions that are obviously detrimental to their physical health and happiness, and are kept in zoos solely for the profit of humans. Unfortunately, however, this is unlikely to change any time soon, for as hard as animal rights activists try, zoos and other organizations and groups that profit from the arctic wolves are adamant in continuing to run their businesses as they wish, as long as there are no laws preventing them from doing so, leaving us only with a hope that, over time, the conditions of the wolves and other animals in zoos the world over will be at least improved to the point where they are as comfortable and happy in their enclosures as is possible, and suffer no consequences from being in captivity.